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COVID-19 and Pneumonia: Increased Risk for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities during the Pandemic

Date: July 11 2020

Summary:

Keywords: ##bibliography #idd #intellectual #disability #developmental ##pandemic #risk #covid19 #archive

Bibliography

S. D. Landes, D. Stevens, and M. A. Turk, "COVID-19 and Pneumonia: Increased Risk for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities during the Pandemic," p. 5.

Table of Contents

    1. Structural Vulnerabilities to Individuals Suffering from IDD
  1. How To Cite
  2. References
  3. Discussion:

Structural Vulnerabilities to Individuals Suffering from IDD

This problem is directly related to The Social Determinants of Health [1] [NOTE](07112020161337-social-determinants-health.md]

IDD adults are vulnerable [2] and have an elevated rate of underlying conditions critical to be considered during the pandemic.

Adults with IDD experience higher rates of living with others, lower socioeconomic status, [3] and poor medical care access. [4]

The U.S. tends to erroneously list IDD an underlying cause of death. [5] In 2017, 56.9% of U.S. IDD adults who had pneumonia as an underlying or contributing cause of death had IDD recorded as their underlying cause of death.

Provider organizations and their care staff - generally from impoverished populations - serving IDD adults have been chronically underfunded. [6], [7]

How To Cite

Zelko, Jacob. COVID-19 and Pneumonia: Increased Risk for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities during the Pandemic. https://jacobzelko.com/07112020160049-covid-individuals-disability. July 11 2020.

References

[1] M. Marmot and R. Wilkinson, Social Determinants of Health, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2006.

[2] S. M. Havercamp and H. M. Scott, “National health surveillance of adults with disabilities, adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities, and adults with no disabilities,” Disabil. Health J., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 165–172, 2015.

[3] D. C. Funder and D. J. Ozer, “Evaluating effect size in psychological research: Sense and nonsense,” Adv. Methods Pract. Psychol. Sci., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 156–168, 2019.

[4] G. L. Krahn and M. H. Fox, “Health disparities of adults with intellectual disabilities: What do we know? What do we do?” J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 431–446, 2014.

[5] S. D. Landes, J. D. Stevens, and M. A. Turk, “Obscuring effect of coding developmental disability as the underlying cause of death on mortality trends for adults with developmental disability: A cross-sectional study using US Mortality Data from 2012 to 2016,” BMJ open, vol. 9, no. 2, p. e026614, 2019.

[6] J. R. Thompson, R. L. Schalock, J. Agosta, L. Teninty, and J. Fortune, “How the supports paradigm is transforming the developmental disabilities service system,” Inclusion, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 86–99, 2014.

[7] J. W. Conroy, S. J. Dale, and R. P. McCaffrey, “Current and emerging trends for residential supports for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities and the impact of managed care initiatives,” in Health care for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities across the lifespan, Springer, 2016, pp. 255–263.

Discussion:

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