Date: July 18 2020
Summary: Outcomes for individuals living with intellectual and developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic
Keywords: ##bibliography #archive
S. D. Landes, M. A. Turk, M. K. Formica, K. E. McDonald, and J. D. Stevens, "COVID-19 outcomes among people with intellectual and developmental disability living in residential group homes in New York State," Disability and Health Journal, p. 100969, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100969.
Hypothesis: COVID-19 case rates, case fatality, and mortality rates will be elevated for IDD persons abiding in residential group homes.
They assume the majority of cases reported in this study are likely for symptomatic individuals.
Residential group home data are from New York Disability Advocates. Homes typically have 7 residents, but range from between 4 and 14 residents. All residents are age 18 and over. NYDA data includes: number of residents, COVID-19 confirmed positive cases, and COVID-19 deaths.
Residential group homes are required to complete a COVID-19 screen and temperature check at least once per day in homes that have not had a prior confirmed case. For a prior confirmed case, screening and checks once per shift. [1]
IDD individuals experience health disparities and high prevalence of comorbidities. [2] Many of which areassociated with more severe COVID19 outcomes. [3], [4] There is a paucity of IDD health research. [5], [6] Furthermore, the CDC only issued COVID-19 guidance relevant to this population in late May. RQ: That's absurd how long it took the CDC to issue guidelines about this population. I wonder if WHO has issued any guidelines related to individuals with IDD?
There may be increased risk from COVID-19 for individuals living in congregate care settings due to difficulty in maintaining physical distancing. [7]–[9] It is estimated that 13% of IDD adults reside in congregate care settings, [10] with shared use of essential living spaces, closeproximity to others, high levels of personal care assistancefrom staff, and multiple shift staffing patterns. [11] RQ: It seems like the authors are insinuating that individauls with IDD are at increased risk for COVID19 due to group care facilities. Not so much biologic dysfunction. However, I think they say later there is biologic concern.
Zelko, Jacob. Covid-19 Outcomes Among People With Intellectual And Developmental Disability Living In Residential Group Homes In New York State. https://jacobzelko.com/07192020031136-covid-outcomes-disabilities. July 18 2020.
[1] Office for People with Developmental Disabilities, “Revised Staffing Guidance for Management of COVID-19,” Jun. 12, 2020. https://opwdd.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2020/06/6.12.2020-opwddcovid19staffguidance_updated-symptoms.pdf (accessed Jul. 14, 2020).
[2] V. Prasher and M. Janicki, Physical health of adults with intellectual disabilities. John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
[3] Centers for Disease Control, “Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 — United States, February 12–March 28, 2020.” MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020.
[4] M. A. Turk, S. D. Landes, M. K. Formica, and K. D. Goss, “Intellectual and developmental disability and COVID-19 case-fatality trends: TriNetX analysis,” Disability and Health Journal, p. 100942, May 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2020.100942.
[5] C. Y. Spong and D. W. Bianchi, “Improving public health requires inclusion of underrepresented populations in research,” Jama, vol. 319, no. 4, pp. 337–338, 2018.
[6] G. L. Krahn, D. K. Walker, and R. Correa-De-Araujo, “Persons with disabilities as an unrecognized health disparity population,” Am. J. Public Health, vol. 105, no. S2, pp. S198–S206, 2015.
[7] P. Chidambaram, “State reporting of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in long-term care facilities,” San Franc. Kais. Fam. Found., 2020.
[8] J. Solis, C. Franco-Paredes, A. F. Henao-MartĂnez, M. Krsak, and S. M. Zimmer, “Structural vulnerability in the united states revealed in three waves of novel coronavirus disease (covid-19),” Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg., p. tpmd200391, 2020.
[9] CDC, “Communities, Schools, Workplaces, & Events,” Apr. 30, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/shared-congregate-house/guidance-shared-congregate-housing.html (accessed Jul. 15, 2020).
[10] D. Braddock, R. Hemp, E. Tanis, J. Wu, and L. Haffer, “The state of the states in intellectual and developmental disabilities, 2017 washington,” DC Am. Assoc. Intellect. Dev. Disabil., 2017.
[11] Centers for Disease Control, “COVID-19 Guidance for Shared or Congregate Housing | CDC,” Apr. 25, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/shared-congregate-house/guidance-shared-congregate-housing.html (accessed Jul. 22, 2020).